Tests with a +LR greater or equal to 2.0 were the painful arc,empty can,external rotation resistance, Tests with a-LR less than 0.5 were Neer,painful are ,external rotation resistance. The ROC analysis indicated a significant area under the curve (AUC) (AUC=0.62 to 0.73, P<0.05) for all tests except the Hawkins-Kennedy. The interrater reliability was assessed by the Kappa coefficient and percent agreement. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the best test combination for ruling in or out SAIS. Data accuracy analysis was calculated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR). The Nikolaus's criterion was regarded as a golden standard for SAIS. All the patients took 5 special syndrome tests including Neer syndrome, Hawkins-Kennedy syndrome, painful arc empty can test and external rotation resistance test, also underwent arthroscopic surgical examination. To evaluate the reliability and diagnosis accuracy of 5 special tests used for the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS).Ī prospective blinded cohort study was taken,in which 105 patients with shoulder pain were reviewed.
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